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Drug Abuse in Scripture and Other extra-Biblical Writings

THE HEBREW OLD TESTAMENT AND GREEK NEW TESTAMENT CONCORDANCE AND LEXICON

WITH THE CORRESPONDING SEPTUAGINT GREEK AND LXX APOCRYPHA

OF DRUG ABUSE AND RELATED IN SCRIPTURE

Compiled from A Concordance to the Greek Testament Moulton - Geden, edition 1977. The Englishman’s Greek Concordance of the New Testament, George V. Wigram, London 1903. reprint 1976. The Analytical Concordance of the Holy Bible Robert Young. 1875, reprint 1957. The Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, G. Abbot-Smith 1936. The Analytical Greek Lexicon, London, reprint 1975.

 Pharmakeia

In the technical sense this ancient word means the use of drugs 'with magic' to produce an effect either good or evil. Hypnotic drugs for example are prescribed in modern medicine. The powerful hallucinogenic LSD-25 was at one time also prescribed as an analytical agent in the psychiatric clinic. The drug was however later banned due to widespread non-clinical abuses.

Scripture itself is never anti-medicinal, the Magi or wise men from the east for example brought, along with gold and frankincense, a gift of myrrh at the Epiphany of Jesus. (Saint Matthew 2:1-2). Myrrh, the dried resin of Balsamodendron myrrha was greatly valued in the ancient east for its healing and embalming properties and as such, emblematic of the Life and Death of Christ, was clearly acceptable in the sight of God. . Saint Luke, the missionary companion of Saint Paul was also termed in Scripture ‘the beloved physician’ (Colossians 4:14) †

In the Greek New Testament and the Septuagint however the term φαρμακεία pharmakeia or magic with drugs is always, almost exclusively, used of sorcery and the cognate substance abuses. In particular of the apocalyptic Babylon. Only in the LXX Apocrypha at Ecclesiasticus 38:1-4, where the physicians art is praised, and the highly metaphoric Ecclesiasticus 6:16 is the cognate φάρμακα phármaka used of a literal or metaphoric medicine. Compare also the Early Church Epistle of St. Ignatius to the Ephesians 1:20 and St. Ignatius to the Trallians v. 6. (c. 97-108 CE) for the use of the word φαρμακόν phármakon ‘a drug’ also in the highly metaphorical senses.

Confer e.g. Hastings’ Dictionary of the Apostolic Church article ‘Sorcery’. The New Bible Dictionary article ‘Myrrh’.

See further eBook chapter concerning the myrrh or possibly opium anodyne of Golgotha ‘Drugs at a Roman Crucifixion’

 CONCORDANCE (ii)

THE SEPTUAGINT (GREEK OLD TESTAMENT) AND LXX APOCRYPHA

Compiled from: A Concordance to the Septuagint and the other Greek Versions of the Old testament (Including the Apocryphal Books), Edwin Hatch and Henry Redpath Oxford 1897, reprint 1954. A Concordance of the Septuagint George Morrish, 1886. A Greek-English Lexicon Liddell and Scott, Oxford, Edition 1976. The Oxford Hebrew Lexicon, Brown, Driver Briggs Edition 1975. .

Parenthesis ( ) = a various reading or versification

 CONCORDANCE (iii)

THE HEBREW OLD TESTAMENT

Compiled from: The Englishman’s Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance of the Old Testament, George V. Wigram, London 1843, reprint 1976. The Analytical Concordance of the Holy Bible, Robert Young 1879, reprint 1975. The Oxford Hebrew Lexicon, Brown, Driver Briggs, edition 1975. The Analytical Hebrew & Chaldee Lexicon B. Davidson, reprint 1976. The Analytical Greek Lexicon, London, reprint 1975.

OTHER RELATED HEBREW

ANALYTICAL CONCORDANCE TO THE HOLY BIBLE

Robert Young LL.D

Eighth Edition Revised 1939  Reprint 1975

Courtesy The Lutterworth Press

ISBN: 0 7188 0021 4

N.B.

Also The New Bible Dictionary IVF 1962. A Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) James Hastings 1898-1906

For further Online Concordance please visit:

The Resurgence Greek Project

For the full lexicography, scanned from the original lexicons by kind permission of the various authorities where appropriate, and full versification of the Hebrew and LXX Concordance, with further suggested readings, either literal or metaphoric.

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